Rumors say that a supergiant star named Betelgeuse will supernova and form a 'second sun' in the sky and cause damage on the Earth as well.
Thirteen to fourteen times each century, the transit of Mercury across the Sun occurs During the transit, Mercury appears as a small black dot on the surface of our star
The planet’s journey lasts for several hours and can be seen with solar telescopes from Earth Slooh is a website that specialises in providing live streams of robotic telescope images of outer space On the 9th May, 2016, Slooh broadcast a live stream of the transit of Mercury This particular live stream was hosted by Chief Astronomical Officer Paul Cox He provided commentary as the transit happened before our eyes
- Jan 19, 2018 The second sun is most visible at sunset As silly as it might seem for two stars to be so close together, binary star systems do exist Research shows that at least half of all visible stars are part of a multiple star system where they orbit each other Our closest celestial neighbour, Alpha Centauri, is a multiple star system Furthermore, it is.
- 'Well, that's our second Sun. 'I don't know if you knew we had a second Sun, but, er, there it is.
But the image Slooh broadcast showed another strange glowing object beside our Sun Cox alarmingly announced this was our second Sun; a secret that NASA is covering up A retired newspaper editor – who remains anonymous – saw Cox’s surprising statement as confirmation of their theory that the Earth has two suns Their blog collates images and video from around the world showing two suns in our sky From Hawaii to Florida to Turkey – hundreds, if not thousands, of private photographs appear to record two suns in our sky
The second sun is most visible at sunset As silly as it might seem for two stars to be so close together, binary star systems do exist Research shows that at least half of all visible stars are part of a multiple star system where they orbit each other Our closest celestial neighbour, Alpha Centauri, is a multiple star system Furthermore, it is possible for planets to orbit two stars
The Kepler-47 system is around 5,000 light years from Earth It has two stars, about the same age as our Sun Astronomers have observed three planets orbiting the stars – at least two of them are gas giants and all are larger than Earth One of them is in the habitable zone, and if it were not a gas planet, could harbour life In 1984, palaeontologists David Raup and Jack Sepkoski observed that Earth has suffered extinction events on a cyclical basis
Br chopra mahabharat songs hindi. In 2010, the frequency of extinction events was calculated to be every 27 million years The palaeontologists suggested the cause was not terrestrial Two independent teams of astronomers concluded that the cause could be the gravitational effect of a second star orbiting our Sun – a red or brown dwarf they call Nemesis Yet according to conspiracy theorists, our second Sun isn’t the only thing NASA is hiding During the live stream, Paul Cox also talked about a secret planet orbiting the Sun
He said NASA is hiding this from us as well Cox said the planet’s name is Nibiru Nibiru is at the centre of a predicted cataclysm that believers say will occur in the early 21st century This was first suggested in 1995 by Nancy Lieder, who claimed that Nibiru is a planet in our solar system that is on a collision course with Earth Either it will hit the Earth directly, or pass so closely that the Earth’s magnetic poles will shift and spell doom for mankind
NASA and other space agencies are purportedly hiding it to avoid mass hysteria A recent announcement reinvigorated the theory A new planet has been added to our solar system, based on mathematical models and studies of objects’ orbital patterns Called Planet Nine, it is estimated to take 15,000 years to orbit the Sun It’s predicted path is so elliptical that conspiracy theorists believe it could be Nibiru
However, Planet Nine’s existence has not even been confirmed And it’s highly unlikely that it’s orbital path will bring it into collision with Earth If it is planet Nibiru and NASA were hiding it, then the announcement of its likely existence does not fit in with the supposed scheme What’s more, apart from these images, there is no evidence at all that we have a second Sun Most of these photos can be explained away as lens flares or optical illusion from light diffusion
Meanwhile, the Nemesis theory has yet to be proven Even if it is true, Nemesis is estimated to be 15 light years from the Sun – far too far away to be captured by the solar telescope on the Slooh live stream Perhaps more significantly, conspiracy theorists have failed to explain why NASA is hiding the second sun Nor have they suggested how authorities hide it from us every day, even if it were physically possible to hide a second star in the sky
Disappointingly, we don’t know whether or not Paul Cox was really expressing his views during the live stream It is possible that he was merely joking, perhaps to make his job as host more interesting Alltime Conspiracies approached the team at Slooh for a comment on Cox’s remarks He told us he was just using dry British humour At best, the Second Sun theory will be confirmed as the Nemesis star
Even then, this will not chime with Paul Cox’s claims during the live stream Indeed, the theory has developed so recently that its proponents do not seem to have come up with an explanation for it As of yet there is no evidence to suggest NASA or other space agencies are hiding it However, if Planet Nibiru and the Nemesis star do exist, then humanity’s future is very uncertain'
Our Sun is a normal main-sequence G2 star, one of more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy.
The Sun Profile
diameter: 1,390,000 km.
mass: 1.989e30 kg
temperature: 5800 K (surface) 15,600,000 K (core)
mass: 1.989e30 kg
temperature: 5800 K (surface) 15,600,000 K (core)
History of The Sun
The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System (Jupiter contains most of the rest).
It is often said that the Sun is an “ordinary” star. That’s true in the sense that there are many others similar to it. But there are many more smaller stars than larger ones; the Sun is in the top 10% by mass. The median size of stars in our galaxy is probably less than half the mass of the Sun.
The Sun is personified in many mythologies: the Greeks called it Helios and the Romans called it Sol.
The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium by mass everything else (“metals”) amounts to less than 2%. This changes slowly over time as the Sun converts hydrogen to helium in its core.
The outer layers of the Sun exhibit differential rotation: at the equator the surface rotates once every 25.4 days; near the poles it’s as much as 36 days. This odd behavior is due to the fact that the Sun is not a solid body like the Earth. Similar effects are seen in the gas planets. The differential rotation extends considerably down into the interior of the Sun but the core of the Sun rotates as a solid body.
Our Second Nature Instagram
Conditions at the Sun’s core (approximately the inner 25% of its radius) are extreme. Dmde keygen. The temperature is 15.6 million Kelvin and the pressure is 250 billion atmospheres. At the center of the core the Sun’s density is more than 150 times that of water.
The Sun’s power (about 386 billion billion mega Watts) is produced by nuclear fusion reactions. Each second about 700,000,000 tons of hydrogen are converted to about 695,000,000 tons of helium and 5,000,000 tons (=3.86e33 ergs) of energy in the form of gamma rays. As it travels out toward the surface, the energy is continuously absorbed and re-emitted at lower and lower temperatures so that by the time it reaches the surface, it is primarily visible light. For the last 20% of the way to the surface the energy is carried more by convection than by radiation.
The surface of the Sun, called the photosphere, is at a temperature of about 5800 K. Sunspots are “cool” regions, only 3800 K (they look dark only by comparison with the surrounding regions). Sunspots can be very large, as much as 50,000 km in diameter. Sunspots are caused by complicated and not very well understood interactions with the Sun’s magnetic field.
A small region known as the chromosphere lies above the photosphere.
The highly rarefied region above the chromosphere, called the corona, extends millions of kilometers into space but is visible only during a total solar eclipse (left). Temperatures in the corona are over 1,000,000 K.
It just happens that the Moon and the Sun appear the same size in the sky as viewed from the Earth. And since the Moon orbits the Earth in approximately the same plane as the Earth’s orbit around the Sun sometimes the Moon comes directly between the Earth and the Sun. This is called a solar eclipse; if the alignment is slighly imperfect then the Moon covers only part of the Sun’s disk and the event is called a partial eclipse. When it lines up perfectly the entire solar disk is blocked and it is called a total eclipse of the Sun. Partial eclipses are visible over a wide area of the Earth but the region from which a total eclipse is visible, called the path of totality, is very narrow, just a few kilometers (though it is usually thousands of kilometers long). Eclipses of the Sun happen once or twice a year. If you stay home, you’re likely to see a partial eclipse several times per decade. But since the path of totality is so small it is very unlikely that it will cross you home. So people often travel half way around the world just to see a total solar eclipse. To stand in the shadow of the Moon is an awesome experience. For a few precious minutes it gets dark in the middle of the day. The stars come out. The animals and birds think it’s time to sleep. And you can see the solar corona. It is well worth a major journey.
The Sun’s magnetic field is very strong (by terrestrial standards) and very complicated. Its magnetosphere (also known as the heliosphere) extends well beyond Pluto.
In addition to heat and light, the Sun also emits a low density stream of charged particles (mostly electrons and protons) known as the solar wind which propagates throughout the solar system at about 450 km/sec. The solar wind and the much higher energy particles ejected by solar flares can have dramatic effects on the Earth ranging from power line surges to radio interference to the beautiful aurora borealis. Men of war vietnam serial key %26 crack free download.
Recent data from the spacecraft Ulysses show that during the minimum of the solar cycle the solar wind emanating from the polar regions flows at nearly double the rate, 750 kilometers per second, than it does at lower latitudes. The composition of the solar wind also appears to differ in the polar regions. During the solar maximum, however, the solar wind moves at an intermediate speed.
Further study of the solar wind will be done by Wind, ACE and SOHO spacecraft from the dynamically stable vantage point directly between the Earth and the Sun about 1.6 million km from Earth.
Nemesis Our Second Sun
The solar wind has large effects on the tails of comets and even has measurable effects on the trajectories of spacecraft.
Spectacular loops and prominences are often visible on the Sun’s limb (left).
The Sun’s output is not entirely constant. Nor is the amount of sunspot activity. There was a period of very low sunspot activity in the latter half of the 17th century called the Maunder Minimum. It coincides with an abnormally cold period in northern Europe sometimes known as the Little Ice Age. Since the formation of the solar system the Sun’s output has increased by about 40%.
The Sun is about 4.5 billion years old. Since its birth it has used up about half of the hydrogen in its core. It will continue to radiate “peacefully” for another 5 billion years or so (although its luminosity will approximately double in that time). But eventually it will run out of hydrogen fuel. It will then be forced into radical changes which, though commonplace by stellar standards, will result in the total destruction of the Earth (and probably the creation of a planetary nebula).
The Sun’s satellites
There are eight planets and a large number of smaller objects orbiting the Sun. (Exactly which bodies should be classified as planets and which as “smaller objects” has been the source of some controversy, but in the end it is really only a matter of definition. Pluto is no longer officially a planet but we’ll keep it here for history’s sake.)
Planet | Distance(000 km) | Radius(km) | Mass(kg) | Discoverer | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mercury | 57,910 | 2439 | 3.30e23 | ||
Venus | 108,200 | 6052 | 4.87e24 | ||
Earth | 149,600 | 6378 | 5.98e24 | ||
Mars | 227,940 | 3397 | 6.42e23 | ||
Jupiter | 778,330 | 71492 | 1.90e27 | ||
Saturn | 1,426,940 | 60268 | 5.69e26 | ||
Uranus | 2,870,990 | 25559 | 8.69e25 | Herschel | 1781 |
Neptune | 4,497,070 | 24764 | 1.02e26 | Galle | 1846 |
Pluto | 5,913,520 | 1160 | 1.31e22 | Tombaugh | 1930 |
More detailed data and definitions of terms can be found on the data page.
![Nemesis our second sun Nemesis our second sun](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/KEQrGNkvjQM/hqdefault.jpg)
Homelite ut43120 electric chainsaw manual. More about the Sun
- more Sun images
- from NSSDC
- Yohkoh Public Outreach Project, lots of good info, images and movies
- The University of Michigan Solar and Heliospheric Research Group’s Web Space for Kids and Non-Scientists
- Elemental abundances in the Sun
- National Solar Observatory / Sacramento Peak Image Index
- more info and links about sunspots
- historical info about sunspots
- Virtual Tour of the Sun by Michael Berger
- The Sun: a Pictorial Introduction, a slide set by P. Charbonneau and O.R. White
- The HK Project
- Ulysses Home Page
- Spartan 201, NASA’s mission to explore the Sun’s corona
- IACG Campaign IV: including lots of good references
- Lives and Deaths of Stars; notes by Nick Strobel of the University of Washington
- ESA/NASA’s SOHO – Solar and Heliospheric Observatory home page
- articles by John Bahcall, many focusing on the solar neutrino problem
- Interview with Sol by Robert J. Nemiroff
Xampp index.php file download. Open Issues
- Is there a causal connection between the Maunder Minimum and the Little Ice Age or was it just a coincidence? How does the variability of the Sun affect the Earth’s climate?
- Since all the planets except Pluto orbit the Sun within a few degrees of the plane of the Sun’s equator, we know very little about the interplanetary environment outside that plane. The Ulysses mission will provide information about the polar regions of the Sun.
- The corona is much hotter than the photosphere. Why?
Interesting Facts about the Sun
- The Sun is one of the millions of stars in the solar system. It is, however, larger than most (although not the biggest) and a very special star to us. Without the Sun there would be absolutely no life on Earth.
- The Sun is 870,000 miles (1.4 million kilometers) across. This is so big it is hard to imagine, but it would take more than one million Earths to fill the size of the Sun!
- The Sun is so big it takes up 99% of the matter in our solar system. The 1% left over is taken up by planets, asteroids, moons and other matter.
- The Sun is about 4.5 billion years old. It is thought to be halfway through its lifetime. Stars get bigger as they get older.
- As the Sun ages, it will get bigger. When this happens, it will consume some of the things close to it, and this includes Mercury, Venus and maybe even Earth and Mars. Luckily this is billions of years in the future.
- The Sun is the centre of the solar system.
- The Sun is 92.96 million miles (149.6 kilometers) away from Earth.
- The Sun is made of a ball of burning gases. These gases are 92.1% hydrogen and 7.8% helium.
- The sunlight we see on Earth left the Sun 8 minutes ago. This is the length of time it takes for the light to travel the distance between the Sun and the Earth.
- When the moon goes around the Earth, it sometimes finds itself between the Earth and the Sun. This is called a solar eclipse and makes the Earth dark whilst the moon shuts out most of the Sun’s light. This only lasts for a couple of hours while the moon continues its rotation and moves out of the way of the sun.
- In ancient astronomy, it was thought that the Sun moved. People believed that the Earth stayed still and the Sun rotated around it.
- About 2000 years ago some began to think it was the Sun that stays still whilst the planets make a path around it. This only became an accepted theory around the 1600s when Isaac Newton proposed the sun-centric solar system.
- The Sun is almost a perfect sphere. It is the closest thing to a sphere found in nature with only a 6.2 mile (10 kilometres) difference between its vertical and horizontal measurements.
- The Sun’s core is extremely hot! An unthinkable 13,600,000 degrees Celcius!
- The Sun has a very big magnetic field. It is the most powerful magnetic field in the whole solar system. This field is regenerating itself, but scientists are unsure how.
- The Sun produces solar winds. These are a stream of particles from the Sun that stream out into space. This is why planets atmospheres are so important. They protect the planet from these solar winds.
- The Sun rotates but not as Earth does. On Earth, the planet is rotating at the same speed no matter where you are. The Sun does not rotate like a solid object and is spinning faster at its equator than it is at its poles. It is complicated to say how fast the Sun is spinning but depending whereabouts on the Sun you are looking at it takes between 24 and 38 days to spin around.
- The Sun has been both worshipped and feared throughout history by a variety of cultures.